A different approach for determining the responsivity of n~+p detectors using scanning electron microscopy

正This paper explores an alternative to the standard method of studying the responsivities(the input-output gain) and other behaviours of detectors at low electron energy.The research does not aim to compare the results of differently doped n~+p detectors;its purpose is to provide an alternative characterization method(using scanning electron microscopy) to those used in previous studies on the responsivity of n~+p doped detectors as a function of the electron radiation energy and other interface parameters.     

Thermal Neutron Monitoring Using Cellulose Nitrate Track Detector by Means of Spark Counter

Cellulose nitrate films were examined for thermal neutron monitoring in contact with several kinds of (n, α) converter materials such as a plastic sheet doped with 1% boron, a solidified boron oxide plate, a single crystal plate of boron oxide and that of lithium fluoride. After thermal neutron irradiation in a research reactor, the films were etched in alkaline solution. The etch-pits on the films were counted with a spark counter. The single crystal converter of lithium fluoride was found to be the most sensitive for thermal neutron. A method for producing the single crystal converter was described. Linear relation between thermal neutron fluence and spark counts was found to be in the fluence range of 2 × 10^?6–3 × 10⁷n/cm² in case of using a lithium fluoride single crystal converter.     

Realistic eight-port homodyne detection and covariant phase space observables

We consider the quantum optical eight-port homodyne detection scheme in the case that each of the associated photon detectors is assigned with a different quantum efficiency. We give a mathematically rigorous and strictly quantum mechanical proof of the fact that the measured observable (positive operator measure) in the high-amplitude limit is a smearing of the covariant phase space observable related to the ideal measurement, that is, the measurement performed with fully efficient detectors. The result is proved for an arbitary parameter field. Furthermore, we investigate some properties of the measured observable. In particular, we show that detector inefficiencies do not affect the observable's ability to distinguish between different states.     

Macro-autoradiographs of alpha emitters in environmental materials observed with solid-state track detector CR-39

Macro-autoradiographs of alpha emitters in environmental materials were obtained with solid-state nuclear track detector CR-39. This method is applicable only to alpha particles, and because their penetration ranges are very short, the obtained images are very clear. Since the method is simple and inexpensive, it can be used even at the high-school level. From the etch pit density obtained by microscopic observation, the radioactivity density of materials can be determined by using some theoretical calculations.     

Accuracy improvement of a 3D passive laser tracker for the calibration of industrial robots

The laser tracker has been used as the mainstream instrument for the position accuracy calibration of industrial robots for quite a long time. However, due to the complexity of the built-in dual-axis active servo tracking system, its cost is high and the target reflector has to adjust its pose frequently, so it cannot be popularized in the production and application sites of industrial robots. Based on this drawback, a 3D passive laser tracker (3DPLT) with high precision, simple structure, easy operation and low cost is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the overall structure of the system is designed, and its position error model based on the principle of spherical coordinate measurement and vector transfer method is established. Then, the error parameters are identified by experiments to formulate the error compensation model. Finally, the multi-pose and large-range spatial error compensation verification experiments of the system are carried out on a commercial coordinate measuring machine. The results show that the spatial volumetric errors of the 3DPLT can achieve within 40 μm after compensation with a good repeatability of ±4 μm. A comparison contouring test with a commercial ballbar is also carried out to validate its applicability of robot calibration.     

Characterisation of rare earth minerals with field emission scanning electron microscopy

Abstract

Rare earth elements are becoming increasingly in demand, due to their prevalence in both renewable energy devices and high end electronics. The characterisation of the composition and morphology of the various phases that have valuable rare earth elements in the ores are needed in conjunction with the study of their physicochemical properties to optimise industrial process to extract the minerals containing the rare earth elements. Rare earth bearing minerals contain many elements with overlapping X-ray peaks (L- and M-lines) with an energy dispersive spectrometry detector, requiring a high degree of X-ray energy resolution. A program was developed to obtain the intensity of each peak by deconvolution of the X-ray spectrum. Low accelerating voltage of less than 5 kV and small beam diameter of less than 10 nm of a cold field emission scanning electron microscope allow x-ray microanalysis on the nanometre scale. A 100 nm wide phase was observed at 4 kV on a backscattered electron micrograph. Furthermore, a small beam diameter of less than 10 nm was used for identification of small phases of a few micrometres.

Les éléments de terre rare sont de plus en plus en demande, grâce à leur prévalence tant dans les dispositifs d’énergie renouvelable que dans l’électronique de haute gamme. On a besoin de caractériser la composition et la morphologie des différentes phases qui contiennent des terres rares de valeur dans les minerais, en combinaison avec l’étude de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques, afin d’optimiser le procédé industriel d’extraction des minéraux contenant les terres rares. Les minéraux porteurs de terre rare contiennent plusieurs éléments ayant des pics de rayons x qui se chevauchent (lignes L et M) avec un détecteur de spectroscopie à dispersion d’énergie, nécessitant une haute résolution énergétique. On a développé un programme visant à obtenir l’intensité de chaque pic par déconvolution du spectre de rayons x. Un faible voltage d’accélération de moins que 5 kV et un faisceau à faible diamètre de moins que 10 nm d’un microscope électronique à balayage par cathode froide permettent la microanalyse des rayons x à l’échelle du nanomètre. On a observé une phase de 100 nm de largeur à 4 kV sur une micrographe d’électrons rétrodiffusés. De plus, on a utilisé un faisceau de faible diamètre de moins que 10 nm pour l’identification de petites phases de quelques μm.     

某大型住宅小区火灾自动报警系统的电气设计

火灾自动报警系统已成为住宅小区设计中不可或缺的一部分,系统设计的优良与否直接关系到人民群众的生命财产安全。该文结合工作中的实际项目,对国内某大型高层住宅小区火灾自动报警系统的电气设计做了简要分析,总结了设计过程中应该注意的问题与事项。     

Space-Dependent Effect Observed in Subcriticality Measurements for Loosely Coupled-Core System

The results of the subcriticality measurements by various techniques performed for the UTR-KINKI reactor, a light-water-moderated and graphite-reflected coupled-core reactor, are presented. The result of the source-multiplication measurement indicates that the apparent dependence of the subcriticality on the detector position is significantly observed even under a condition 2$ subcritical, and that the location of neutron source remarkably influences the sub- criticality obtained. On the other hand, the spatial dependence in the source-jerk measurement is slight relative to that in the source-multiplication and the rod drop measurements. Furthermore, the result of the Feynman-α measurement suggests that much more samples should be acquired for the reduction of the experimental uncertainty to the same level as that in the above measurements.     

Researches on Laser Isotope Separation of Gadolinium and Boron

Laser isotope separation experiments of Gd and B by atomic and molecular methods, respectively, have been performed. Gadolinium-157 was selectively photoionized by means of three linearly polarized dye lasers, the excitation process of which is based on the polarization selection rules. The effect of magnetic field on isotopic selectivity was discussed. ¹⁰BCl₃ was selectively photodissociated through IR multiphoton dissociation by the irradiation of TEA CO₂ laser or free electron laser (FEL). Selectivity was improved by two-color laser irradiation.     

Comparative study of ceramic and single crystal Ce:GAGG scintillator

Recent study revealed that single crystal Ce:Gd₃(Al,Ga)₅O₁₂ (Ce:GAGG) showed good scintillation response under γ-ray exposure. We discover here that ceramic Ce:GAGG scintillator exhibited better performance than the single crystal counterpart. We developed Ce 1% doped ceramic and single crystal GAGG scintillators with 1 mm thick and compared their properties. In radioluminescence spectra, they showed intense emission peaking at 530 nm due to Ce³⁺ 5d–4f transition. The ¹³⁷Cs γ-ray induced light yields of ceramic and single crystal resulted 70 000 ph/MeV and 46 000 ph/MeV with primary decay times of 165 and 143 ns, respectively. At present, the observed light yield was the brightest in oxide scintillators.